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- <text id=93TT1908>
- <title>
- June 21, 1993: Trading Punches
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1993
- Jun. 21, 1993 Sex for Sale
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ECONOMY, Page 24
- Trading Punches
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Economist Laura Tyson inspires a tough new policy toward Japan
- </p>
- <p>By DAN GOODGAME/WASHINGTON--With reporting by Edward O. Desmond/Tokyo
- </p>
- <p> When the Clinton Administration last week uncorked a tough
- new approach aimed at cracking Japan's trade barriers to computers,
- auto parts and other imports, top officials in Tokyo immediately
- rejected the policy as "unrealistic." To which Laura D'Andrea
- Tyson, chair of the President's Council of Economic Advisers,
- calmly remarked to a colleague, "That's good. It shows they
- fear that we're on to something that will get results."
- </p>
- <p> Or so Tyson hopes. The new policy, which demands that Japan
- increase imports of specific products and services, is inspired
- in large part by her provocative ideas and research, as laid
- out in her 1992 book on trade and technology, Who's Bashing
- Whom: Trade Conflict in High-Technology Industries (just published,
- incidentally, in Japanese). Using case studies in industries
- ranging from electronics to aerospace, she shows that U.S. products
- that outperform their Japanese competitors in impartial "third
- markets," such as those in Europe, are persistently blocked
- in Japan by officials and business executives.
- </p>
- <p> In her book, and in White House strategy sessions over the past
- two months, Tyson, 45, has argued that if America is to create
- and keep high-wage jobs, as Bill Clinton promised during his
- campaign, it cannot blindly rely upon what she sometimes terms
- "the so-called free market." By that she means one in which
- U.S. workers and managers must compete against foreign firms
- that benefit from trade protection and government subsidies
- for everything from new-product development to health insurance.
- </p>
- <p> Instead, she argues, the U.S. must employ federal subsidies
- and assertive trade policies to promote the most promising high-tech
- industries, such as aerospace and electronics, and defend them
- from subsidized foreign competition. "Our approach is to say
- to our trading partners, `If you continue to subsidize your
- high-tech industries, we will do the same,' " she says. The
- Clinton Administration also "will demand that our trading partners
- open their markets to our exports as ours are open to them...That's a lot more constructive than saying, `We're going
- to close our markets to your products.' "
- </p>
- <p> This approach was spelled out last Monday at a private White
- House meeting, where Clinton's top trade officials delivered
- an outline of their new policy to a clearly unhappy Japanese
- Ambassador Takakazu Kuriyama. Clinton's policy asks Japan to
- reduce its record $132.3 billion global trade surplus ($49.6
- billion with the U.S. alone) one-third to one-half by 1996 and
- to increase its imports of manufactured goods one-third. It
- also describes key areas in which the U.S. expects Japan to
- show "measurable" progress. Among them:
- </p>
- <p>-- Purchasing non-Japanese auto parts, especially by Japanese
- auto factories located in the U.S.
- </p>
- <p>-- Opening access for U.S. and other foreign financial-services
- firms to the heavily regulated Japanese banking, investment
- and insurance industries.
- </p>
- <p>-- Increasing Japanese-government procurement of foreign manufactured
- goods and services, such as U.S.-made supercomputers and construction
- and engineering services.
- </p>
- <p> The U.S. does not threaten immediate retaliation if its market-opening
- goals are not met, but intends to "keep score" through such
- indicators as how much market share certain highly competitive
- foreign products and services command in the Japanese market.
- This approach showed success last year, when Japan grudgingly
- achieved a U.S.-set target of 20% market share for U.S. semiconductor
- exports, which dominated the market everywhere in the world
- except Japan.
- </p>
- <p> Japanese leaders and industrialists hope to prevent the semiconductor
- precedent from spreading to other industries--as do some U.S.
- experts, who fear that the aggressive trade policy pressed by
- the Clinton Administration may lead to an escalation of trade
- barriers worldwide. "If the U.S. sticks to the setting of numerical
- targets," says Foreign Minister Kabun Muto, "it will be difficult
- to work out a framework for comprehensive talks.''
- </p>
- <p> Nonetheless, the first U.S.-Japan talks to set such targets
- began last Friday in Washington. And President Clinton strongly
- endorses the new approach. "Once we get the budget out of the
- way," Clinton told TIME last week, "our economic policy is going
- to be more micro," that is, more focused on "targeted investment
- in promising technologies" and on "opening markets abroad" for
- specific industries in which the U.S. stands to create thousands
- of new jobs. Predicts Clinton proudly of his economic adviser:
- "That's where Laura is really going to shine."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-